Chemical Tankers Market: By Fleet Size, By Product Type, By Shipment Route, By Fleet Material, and Region, Forecast 2019-2030.

Chemical Tankers Market Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Global Industry Analysis: By Fleet Size (Small, Medium, Large), By Product Type (Organic Chemicals, Inorganic Chemicals, Vegetable Oils, Fats & Others), By Shipment Route (Inland, Coastal, Deep Sea), By Fleet Material (Stainless Steel, Coated, Epoxy & Others), and Region, Forecast 2019-2030.

Chemical Tankers Market size was valued US$ 32,983.6 million in 2023 and is projected to reach a value of US$ 45,489.1 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 4.7% from 2024-2030. A chemical tanker is a cargo ship that transports liquid chemicals in bulk, such as industrial chemicals, clean petroleum products, palm oil, vegetable oils, and other sensitive cargo. Growing trade of oils, rising production of chemicals, and increasing export of chemicals are the growth drivers of the market. However, high cost of operation, volatility of chemical markets, and high cost of advanced chemical fleets are the factors hampering the growth of the market. The emerging key opportunities of the market that drive future growth are rising demand for chemicals, increased global trade, and fleet modernization. Shift towards larger and more specialized vessels to increase efficiency and technological innovations are the key trends of the market. 

Key Players

The chemical tankers market size is inclusive of several companies such as Stolt-Nielsen, Odfjell, Nordic Tankers A/S, Mol Chemical Tankers Pte. Ltd., Wilmar International Ltd., Team Tankers International Ltd., MISC Berhad, Iino Kaiun Kaisha, Ltd., Laurine Maritime, Stena Bulk, Aurora Tankers Management Pte. Ltd.

Key Takeaways

•    Asia pacific market generated the largest market share in 2023.
•    The North America market is expected to expand at highest CAGR from 2024 to 2030.
•    By fleet size, the medium segment had significant market share in 2023.
•    By product type, the vegetable oils captured dominant market share in 2023
•    By shipment route, the deep-sea segment accounted for the largest market share in 2023.
•    By fleet material, the stainless-steel segment projected to grow at significant CAGR over the forecast years 2024 - 2030.

Facts & Figures

• In 2022, Germany was the top exporter of chemicals in European Union, which made worth US$ 157 billion, followed by Belgium. Moreover, the European Union has made strict regulations when it comes to the trade of hazardous substances. 
• In 2021, Sovcomflot's subsidiary, SCF, launched an LNG-powered medium-range (MR) chemical tanker. This development is significant for its focus on reducing emissions, making transportation more eco-friendly and aligning with global environmental regulations.
• In 2020, Vopak launched a new chemical tanker facility at the Port of Fujairah in the UAE, which became a strategic hub for chemical tanker services in the region, helping enhance global logistics. 

Key Developments

In March 2024, MOL Chemical Tankers, a subsidiary of Japan’s Mitsui O.S.K. Lines (MOL), completed the acquisition of Fairfield Chemical Carriers, a leading U.S.-based shipping company specializing in the transportation of bulk liquid chemicals. 

Chemical Tankers Market Segmentation

By Fleet Size: The medium fleet size segment has captured a dominant market share in 2023. Medium fleet size is commonly used in the market for several reasons, primarily related to operational efficiency, cost management, and flexibility. Chemical tankers transport a wide variety of liquid chemicals, often requiring specialized handling, and medium-sized fleets offer a balance between the needs of shippers, financial considerations, and regulatory requirements. 

By Product Type: The vegetable oils segment accounted for largest market share due to an increasing global demand for vegetable oils due to their use in food products, cosmetics, biodiesel, and various industrial applications. This demand fuels the need for specialized transportation methods as chemical tankers are designed to transport a wide range of liquid chemicals safely and efficiently. Vegetable oils and fats often require specific handling and storage conditions that these tankers are equipped to provide.

By Shipment Route: The deep sea shipment route segment has accounted for a largest market share in 2023. Chemical tankers are equipped with advanced safety features to prevent leaks and spills, including double hulls, dedicated pumping systems, and advanced monitoring equipment. The shipping of chemicals is heavily regulated to prevent environmental damage and ensure safe transport. Chemical tankers are built to comply with international regulations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) standards, which is essential for operating in deep-sea waters.

By Fleet Material: With largest share, the stainless-steel segment is leading the market. Stainless steel has excellent resistance to corrosion, which is crucial when transporting a wide variety of chemicals, many of which can be highly corrosive. This property helps maintain the integrity of the tanks over time, reducing the risk of leaks or failures.

Chemical Tankers Market Summary

Study Period

2024 - 2030

Base Year

2023

CAGR

4.7%

Largest Market

Asia Pacific

Fastest Growing Market

North America

Chemical Tankers Market Dynamics

Drivers

The rising production of chemicals is a critical driver of the market, as it directly increases the demand for the transportation of bulk liquid chemicals. This growth stems from various sectors such as petrochemicals, specialty chemicals, agriculture, consumer goods, and pharmaceuticals, creating a strong link between chemical production and the need for shipping services. As countries industrialize, particularly in developing regions like Asia-Pacific (e.g., China and India), the demand for chemicals used in manufacturing, construction, electronics, and textiles rises sharply. 

Restraints

The high cost of operation is a significant restraint for the chemical tankers market, affecting profitability and the ability of smaller companies to compete effectively. Chemical tankers often need to be constructed or retrofitted with expensive materials like stainless steel tanks or epoxy coatings to safely transport a wide range of chemicals, including corrosive or hazardous substances. These specialized vessels are more costly to build and maintain compared to standard oil or dry bulk tankers. 

Opportunity

The rising demand for chemicals and increased global trade present significant opportunities for growth in the market. These factors are closely linked, as the growing global consumption of chemicals, fuelled by industrial expansion and consumer needs, requires efficient transport across international borders. The demand for chemicals is expanding rapidly due to industrial growth in sectors such as manufacturing, construction, automotive, and electronics. 

Trend

To satisfy growing demand, lower per-unit transportation costs, and improve operational efficiency, there is a trend towards the development and operation of larger chemical tankers and tankers are being built with more and more specialised materials and coatings (such epoxy or stainless-steel coatings) to handle particular chemicals safely and prevent contamination.

Chemical Tankers Market Segmentation Analysis

Report Benchmarks

Details

Report Study Period

2024 - 2030

Market Size in 2023

US$ 32,983.6 million

Market Size in 2030

US$ 45,489.1 million

Market CAGR

4.7%

By Fleet Size

  • Small
  • Medium
  • Large 

By Product Type

  • Organic Chemicals
  • Inorganic Chemicals
  • Vegetable Oils
  • Fats
  • Others 

By Shipment Route

  • Inland
  • Coastal
  • Deep Sea 

By Fleet Material

  • Stainless Steel
  • Coated
  • Epoxy
  • Others

By Region

  • North America (USA, Canada)
  • Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy , Rest of Europe)
  • The Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, Australia, South Korea, Rest of Asia- Pacific)
  • Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Rest of Latin America)
  • MEA (Saudi Arabia, UAE, South Africa, Rest of MEA)

Analyst Review

Especially in developing nations like China, India, and Brazil, where chemical manufacturing is on the rise globally, there is an increasing demand for safe and effective transportation. Chemical tankers play a crucial role in fulfilling the needs of several industries, including manufacturing, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals, by means of long-haul transportation of bulk liquid chemicals. Chemical firms depend on effective shipping transport to move raw materials and completed products throughout the world as supply chains become more global. Chemical tankers are essential to guaranteeing safe and prompt delivery to satisfy consumer demands. However, the chemical tanker market is responding to global economic growth, environmental imperatives, and the increasing complexity of supply chains by adopting greener technologies, advanced materials, and digital innovations to ensure the safe and efficient transport of chemical products worldwide. 

Key Features of the Report

  • The chemical tankers market report provides granular level information about the market size, regional market share, historic market (2019-2023), and forecast (2024-2030)
  • The report covers in-detail insights about the competitor’s overview, company share analysis, key market developments, and key strategies.
  • The report outlines drivers, restraints, unmet needs, and trends that are currently affecting the market.
  • The report tracks recent innovations, key developments, and start-up details that are actively working in the market.
  • The report provides a plethora of information about Market entry strategies, regulatory framework, and reimbursement scenarios.
  • The report analyses the impact of the socio-political environment through PESTLE Analysis and competition through Porter's Five Force Analysis

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Frequently Asked Questions

The global chemical tankers market size was value US$ 32,983.6 million in 2023 and is projected to reach value of US$ 45,489.1 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 4.7% from 2024-2030.

• Growing trade of oils
• Rising production of chemicals
• Growing export of chemicals

The key market players of the market are Stolt-Nielsen, Odfjell, Nordic Tankers A/S, Mol Chemical Tankers Pte. Ltd., Wilmar International Ltd.

Vegetable oils and fats are most widely used in the market.

Medium fleet size segment holds the highest market share in the market.

Author image

Author

Prem Kumar

Prem Kumar with profound experience and sound knowledge across a wide range of market forecasting methods, demand f.....

1. Executive Summary
2. Global Chemical Tankers Market Introduction 
2.1.Global Chemical Tankers Market  - Taxonomy
2.2.Global Chemical Tankers Market  - Definitions
2.2.1.Fleet Size
2.2.2.Product Type
2.2.3.Shipment Route
2.2.4.Fleet Material
2.2.5.Region
3. Global Chemical Tankers Market Dynamics
3.1. Drivers
3.2. Restraints
3.3. Opportunities/Unmet Needs of the Market
3.4. Trends
3.5. Product Landscape
3.6. New Product Launches
3.7. Impact of COVID 19 on Market
4. Global Chemical Tankers Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030
4.1.  Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
4.2.  Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) 
4.3.  Market Opportunity Analysis 
5. Global Chemical Tankers Market  By Fleet Size, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
5.1. Small
5.1.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
5.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
5.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
5.2. Medium
5.2.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
5.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
5.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
5.3. Large 
5.3.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
5.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
5.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6. Global Chemical Tankers Market  By Product Type, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
6.1. Organic Chemicals
6.1.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6.2. Inorganic Chemicals
6.2.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6.3. Vegetable Oils
6.3.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6.4. Fats
6.4.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6.5. Others 
6.5.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
7. Global Chemical Tankers Market  By Shipment Route, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
7.1. Inland
7.1.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
7.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
7.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
7.2. Coastal
7.2.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
7.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
7.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
7.3. Deep Sea 
7.3.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
7.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
7.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
8. Global Chemical Tankers Market  By Fleet Material, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
8.1. Stainless Steel
8.1.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
8.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
8.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
8.2. Coated
8.2.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
8.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
8.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
8.3. Epoxy
8.3.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
8.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
8.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
8.4. Others
8.4.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
8.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
8.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
9. Global Chemical Tankers Market  By Region, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
9.1. North America
9.1.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
9.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
9.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
9.2. Europe
9.2.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
9.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
9.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
9.3. Asia Pacific (APAC)
9.3.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
9.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
9.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
9.4. Middle East and Africa (MEA)
9.4.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
9.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
9.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
9.5. Latin America
9.5.1. Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 -2030, (Sales Value USD Million)
9.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
9.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
10. North America Chemical Tankers Market ,2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
10.1. Fleet Size Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
10.1.1.Small
10.1.2.Medium
10.1.3.Large 
10.2.  Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
10.2.1.Organic Chemicals
10.2.2.Inorganic Chemicals
10.2.3.Vegetable Oils
10.2.4.Fats
10.2.5.Others 
10.3.  Shipment Route Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
10.3.1.Inland
10.3.2.Coastal
10.3.3.Deep Sea 
10.4.  Fleet Material Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
10.4.1.Stainless Steel
10.4.2.Coated
10.4.3.Epoxy
10.4.4.Others
10.5.  Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
10.5.1.United States of America (USA)
10.5.2.Canada
11. Europe Chemical Tankers Market ,2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
11.1. Fleet Size Analysis  and Forecast  by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
11.1.1.Small
11.1.2.Medium
11.1.3.Large 
11.2.  Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
11.2.1.Organic Chemicals
11.2.2.Inorganic Chemicals
11.2.3.Vegetable Oils
11.2.4.Fats
11.2.5.Others 
11.3.  Shipment Route Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
11.3.1.Inland
11.3.2.Coastal
11.3.3.Deep Sea 
11.4.  Fleet Material Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
11.4.1.Stainless Steel
11.4.2.Coated
11.4.3.Epoxy
11.4.4.Others
11.5.  Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
11.5.1.Germany
11.5.2.France
11.5.3.Italy
11.5.4.United Kingdom (UK)
11.5.5.Spain
11.5.6.Rest of EU
12. Asia Pacific (APAC) Chemical Tankers Market ,2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
12.1. Fleet Size Analysis  and Forecast  by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
12.1.1.Small
12.1.2.Medium
12.1.3.Large 
12.2.  Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
12.2.1.Organic Chemicals
12.2.2.Inorganic Chemicals
12.2.3.Vegetable Oils
12.2.4.Fats
12.2.5.Others 
12.3.  Shipment Route Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
12.3.1.Inland
12.3.2.Coastal
12.3.3.Deep Sea 
12.4.  Fleet Material Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
12.4.1.Stainless Steel
12.4.2.Coated
12.4.3.Epoxy
12.4.4.Others
12.5.  Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
12.5.1.China
12.5.2.India
12.5.3.Australia and New Zealand (ANZ)
12.5.4.Japan
12.5.5.Rest of APAC
13. Middle East and Africa (MEA) Chemical Tankers Market ,2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
13.1. Fleet Size Analysis  and Forecast  by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
13.1.1.Small
13.1.2.Medium
13.1.3.Large 
13.2.  Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
13.2.1.Organic Chemicals
13.2.2.Inorganic Chemicals
13.2.3.Vegetable Oils
13.2.4.Fats
13.2.5.Others 
13.3.  Shipment Route Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
13.3.1.Inland
13.3.2.Coastal
13.3.3.Deep Sea 
13.4.  Fleet Material Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
13.4.1.Stainless Steel
13.4.2.Coated
13.4.3.Epoxy
13.4.4.Others
13.5.  Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
13.5.1.GCC Countries
13.5.2.South Africa
13.5.3.Rest of MEA
14. Latin America Chemical Tankers Market ,2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 (Sales Value USD Million)
14.1. Fleet Size Analysis  and Forecast  by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
14.1.1.Small
14.1.2.Medium
14.1.3.Large 
14.2.  Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
14.2.1.Organic Chemicals
14.2.2.Inorganic Chemicals
14.2.3.Vegetable Oils
14.2.4.Fats
14.2.5.Others 
14.3.  Shipment Route Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
14.3.1.Inland
14.3.2.Coastal
14.3.3.Deep Sea 
14.4.  Fleet Material Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
14.4.1.Stainless Steel
14.4.2.Coated
14.4.3.Epoxy
14.4.4.Others
14.5.  Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast 2024 -2030 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
14.5.1.Brazil
14.5.2.Mexico
14.5.3.Rest of LA
15. Competition Landscape
15.1.  Market Player Profiles (Introduction, Brand/Product Sales, Financial Analysis, Product Offerings, Key Developments, Collaborations, M & A, Strategies, and SWOT Analysis) 
15.2.1.Stolt-Nielsen
15.2.2.Odfjell
15.2.3.Nordic Tankers A/S
15.2.4.Mol Chemical Tankers Pte. Ltd
15.2.5.Wilmar International Ltd.
15.2.6.Team Tankers International Ltd.
15.2.7.MISC Berhad
15.2.8.Iino Kaiun Kaisha, Ltd
15.2.9.Laurine Maritime
15.2.10.Stena Bulk
15.2.11.Aurora Tankers Management Pte. Ltd.
16. Research Methodology 
17. Appendix and Abbreviations 

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