Retort Packaging Market: By Material Type, By Package Type, By End Users and Region Forecast 2019-2030

Retort Packaging Market Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Global Industry Analysis: By Material Type (Plastic, Aluminum Foil, Paper and Paperboard and Others), By Package Type (Pouches, Trays, Cartoon, Bottles and Cans), By End Users (Food, Beverages, Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products and Others) and Region Forecast 2019-2030

Retort Packaging Market size was valued at US$ 4,175.9 million in 2019 and US$ 5,457.6 million in 2023 with a growth rate of 6.9% during the historic years. In 2024, the market valued at US$ 5,776.9 million and is expected to witness a CAGR of 7.0% over the forecast period (2024 - 2030) and is estimated to be valued at US$ 8,673.0 million in 2030.

The growth of the market is due to its prolonged food's shelf life and preserving its quality. Using heat processing to destroy microbes, food is sealed in a container and then packed. Because of their lightweight, enduring design, and ease of use, retort pouches are frequently seen in prepared foods and beverages. In addition, there is a growing market for packaged food, technological advancements in packaging, and a growing consciousness of food safety.

Key Players 

The Retort Packaging Market players are Amcor PLC., Mondi PLC, ProAmpac LLC, Coveris Holdings SA, Tetra Pak International SA, Winpak Ltd., Sealed Air Corporation, Sonoco Product Company, Clifton Packaging Group Limited, Clondalkin Industries BV, Berry Global, Inc., Impak Corporation and Huhtamaki.

Key Takeaways

  • North America accounted for the largest market share of 38.9% in the market in 2023.
  • Based on material type, in 2023, the plastic segment accounted for a larger revenue share and is projected to grow with a CAGR of 7.0% from 2024-2030.
  • Based on package type, the sales data for retort packaging indicate a predominant preference for pouches, which account for a considerable 67.1% of the market share, while Trays represent a mere 16.5%.
  • Based on end users, the sales data for retort packaging indicate a major segment for Food, which accounts for 70.3% of the market share, while Beverages represent a mere 18.9%.

Facts & Figures

  • As per a Business Standard report published in February 2024, India's expenditure on beverages and processed food items rose to a maximum of 10.64% during the fiscal year 2022–2023. Retort packing became more and more in demand as a result of this rise.
  • A National Library of Medicine analysis states that there is room for online meal delivery to grow by 25% to 30% annually starting in 2020 when major global players like Uber Eats and a few Indian startups, Zomato and Swiggy, enter the market.
  • The US Census Bureau expects sales by supermarkets and food stores to reach US$ 846.38 billion in the year 2023, making it a significant surge from the total of US$ 661.84 billion in the year 2019. With such growth, it is essential that companies move towards using ecologically friendly packaging not only to meet regulations but also to meet customer demands.

Key Developments

  • In February 2024, Amcor, in partnership with Stonyfield Organic, the nation's top organic yogurt producer, and Cheer Pack North America, a prominent spouted pouch packaging manufacturer, was set to introduce the market's inaugural all-polyethylene (PE) spouted pouch.
  • In 2022, Mondi plc (‘Mondi’) acqquired Duino mill near Trieste (Italy) from the Burgo Group for a total consideration of €40 million.
  • In 2021, Mondi launched RetortPouch Recyclable
  • In 2020, the company introduced the first recyclable flexible retort pouch in 2020. The product, featuring Amcor's AmLite HeatFlex Recyclable solution, has great potential for being used in many retort applications for products requiring high-barrier, high-heat-resistant packaging.
  • In 2019, the Amcor acquired Bemis Company, Inc ("Bemis"), a global manufacturer of flexible packaging products based in the United States, for the purchase price of $5.2 billion in an all-stock transaction.

Retort PackagingMarket Segmentation

By Material Type: Under Material Type, Plastic segment accounted for US$ 2,763.8 Mn in 2019 and has grown at 6.9% CAGR over the historic years (2019-2023). One of the main factors driving the plastic segment of the market is the increasing demand for flexibility and effectiveness in food preservation. The shelf life of packaged goods is extended by plastics with exceptional barrier qualities against moisture, oxygen, and light, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH).

By Package Type: By Package Type, Pouches segment accounted for US$ 2,839.2 Mn in 2019 and has grown at 6.6% CAGR over the historic years (2019-2023). T The growth for the segment is due to lighter and more compact nature of the retort pouches than traditional cans and jars, reducing shipping and storage costs. Additionally, many retort pouches are made from recyclable materials, aligning with the growing demand for eco-friendly packaging solutions.

By End User: The food segment accounted for US$ 2,944.8 Mn in 2019 and has grown at 6.8% CAGR over the historic years (2019-2023). Retort pouches are widely used as post-purchase retortable packaging for prepared foods and other items that are intended to be commercially sterilized following the point of sale. Pet owners value the mess-free, hygienic format of this wet pet food, which can be kept and served without refrigeration. the beverages segment accounted for US$ 778.3 Mn in 2019 and has grown at 7.2% CAGR over the historic years (2019-2023). Retort pouches are widely used to package a wide range of liquids, including ready-to-drink products, energy and sports drinks, juices, and soft drinks. It is projected that the market will expand favorably due to the increasing demand in recent years for a wide variety of beverages, particularly organic and nutritious ones.

Retort Packaging Market Summary

Study Period

2025-2031

Base Year

2024

CAGR

7.2%

Largest Market

North-America

Fastest Growing Market

Asia-Pacific

Retort Packaging Market Dyanmics

Drivers

Retort pouches are becoming a popular and effective substitute for more conventional packaging techniques like glass jars and metal cans. These products are perfect for maintaining the texture, flavor, and nutritional value of food because of their small size and flexible design, which allow for quicker and more energy-efficient processing. Beyond the advantages of faster processing, retort pouches are convenient due to their easily opened design and easy preparation either boiling or microwaving. Furthermore, in the healthcare industry, retort packaging is becoming more and more important in this day and age due to the pharmaceutical industry's rapid growth. Retort packaging is a technique that uses retorting with a specific goal in mind to sterilize medical supplies and equipment.

Restriants

One major factor impeding the growth of the market is the environmental issue. Retort packaging may lead to an increase in environmental issues with sustainability and waste generation as it is generally made of non-biodegradable or recyclable materials. Packing materials are usually made of several layers of plastic, aluminum foil, and paper. The amount of waste generated by retort packaging is the main environmental issue. The packaging for retorts is throwaway. After usage, it merely makes room for itself in the trash can. This usually results in a great deal of needless waste, especially for the food and beverage industries that use a significant volume of retort-packed goods.

Furthermore, significant capital investments are required for filling machines, sealing apparatus, autoclaves, retort sterilizers, and other auxiliary systems in retort packing lines. Varied container types, such as pouches, trays, cups, etc., require intricate production lines. Not to mention large investments high-speed automation. A small and regional player's admission may be hampered by a lack of funding. In terms of capital investments, large, well-established businesses have an edge.

Opprtunites

The food sector, and specifically the market, is greatly impacted by online meal ordering. There has been an increase in demand for packaging that is easier to use and more practical as more consumers place food orders online. Furthermore, a higher proportion of people placed direct online meal orders as a result of the pandemic. Additionally, retort packaging's ease of use boosts its appeal for online meal ordering. When it comes to meals and snacks that are portable, retort-packed foods have become extremely popular because they are simple to transport and can be heated up or cooked quickly. Considering the above factors, the market for retort packaging is likely to increase in the future.

Challenges

A crucial performance criterion for any lamination adhesive developed for use on retort packaging is adherence to food safety laws, such as FDA 177.1390 and EU10/2011 with little migration potential. Certain high-performance raw materials, such as those that are utilized to provide quick cure times, must be excluded from the formulation process to achieve compliance.

Retort Packaging Market Segmentation Analysis

Report Benchmarks

Details

Report Study Period

2025-2031

Market Size in 2023

US$ 5,457.6 million

Market Size in 2030

US$ 8,673.0 million

Market CAGR

7.2%

By Material Type

  • Plastic
  • Aluminum Foil
  • Paper and Paperboard
  • Other

By Package type

  • Pouches
  • Trays
  • Cartoon
  • Bottles
  • Cans

By End User

  • Food
  • Beverages
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Personal Care Products
  • Others

By Region

  • North America (U.S., Canada)
  • Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Europe)
  • Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Australia, Southeast Asia, Rest of Asia Pacific)
  • Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Rest of Latin America)
  • Middle East & Africa (GCC, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa)

Analyst Review

Demand in the market is currently very strong and growing day by day and Sustainable materials and intelligent packaging technologies will be key components of retort packaging in the future. Its popularity will grow with innovations like food quality sensors and biodegradable coatings. The demand for food options that are handy and last longer is driving changes in retort packaging to cater to consumers who are ecologically concerned and health conscious. The Market has created an opportunity of USD 1,281.7 from 2019-2023 and is expected to create an opportunity of USD 2,896.1 million during the forecast period of 2024 - 2030

Key Features of the Report

  • The retort packaging market report provides granular level information about the Market size, regional Market share, historic Market (2019-2023), and forecast (2024-2030)
  • The report covers in-detail insights about the competitor’s overview, company share analysis, key Market developments, and key strategies.
  • The report outlines drivers, restraints, unmet needs, and trends that are currently affecting the Market.
  • The report tracks recent innovations, key developments, and start-up details that are actively working in the Market.
  • The report provides a plethora of information about Market entry strategies, regulatory framework, and reimbursement scenarios.
  • The report analyses the impact of the socio-political environment through PESTLE Analysis and competition through Porter's Five Force Analysis

Download Free Sample Report

Frequently Asked Questions

The global retort packaging market size was valued at US$ 4,175.9 million in 2023 and is set to reach US$ 5,457.6 million in 2030 growing at a CAGR of 6.9%.

North America accounted for the largest market share of 38.9% in the global The market in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.4% over 2024 to 2030 and is projected to reach US$ 3,242.3 Mn by 2030.

Plastic segment accounted for US$ 2,763.8 Mn in 2019 and has grown at 6.9% CAGR over the historic years (2019-2023).

North America is the dominating region in the market.

Author image

Author

Prem Kumar

Prem Kumar with profound experience and sound knowledge across a wide range of market forecasting methods, demand f.....

1.Executive Summary
2.Global Retort Packaging Market Introduction 
2.1.Global Retort Packaging Market  - Taxonomy
2.2.Global Retort Packaging Market  - Definitions
2.2.1.Material Type
2.2.2.Package type
2.2.3.End User
2.2.4.Region
3.Global Retort Packaging Market Dynamics
3.1. Drivers
3.2. Restraints
3.3. Opportunities/Unmet Needs of the Market
3.4. Trends
3.5. Product Landscape
3.6. New Product Launches
3.7. Impact of COVID 19 on Market
4.Global Retort Packaging Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031
4.1.  Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
4.2.  Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) 
4.3.  Market Opportunity Analysis 
5.Global Retort Packaging Market  By Material Type, 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 (Sales Value USD Million)
5.1. Plastic
5.1.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
5.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
5.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
5.2. Aluminum Foil
5.2.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
5.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
5.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
5.3. Paper and Paperboard
5.3.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
5.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
5.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
5.4. Other
5.4.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
5.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
5.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6.Global Retort Packaging Market  By Package type, 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 (Sales Value USD Million)
6.1. Pouches
6.1.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6.2. Trays
6.2.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6.3. Cartoon
6.3.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6.4. Bottles
6.4.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
6.5. Cans
6.5.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
6.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
6.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
7.Global Retort Packaging Market  By End User, 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 (Sales Value USD Million)
7.1. Food
7.1.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
7.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
7.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
7.2. Beverages
7.2.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
7.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
7.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
7.3. Pharmaceuticals
7.3.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
7.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
7.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
7.4. Personal Care Products
7.4.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
7.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
7.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
7.5. Others
7.5.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
7.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
7.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
8.Global Retort Packaging Market  By Region, 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 (Sales Value USD Million)
8.1. North America
8.1.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
8.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
8.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
8.2. Europe
8.2.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
8.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
8.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
8.3. Asia Pacific (APAC)
8.3.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
8.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
8.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
8.4. Middle East and Africa (MEA)
8.4.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
8.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
8.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
8.5. Latin America
8.5.1. Market Analysis, 2020-2024 and Forecast, 2025-2031, (Sales Value USD Million)
8.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) 
8.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis 
9.North America Retort Packaging Market ,2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 (Sales Value USD Million)
9.1. Material Type Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
9.1.1.Plastic
9.1.2.Aluminum Foil
9.1.3.Paper and Paperboard
9.1.4.Other
9.2.  Package type Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
9.2.1.Pouches
9.2.2.Trays
9.2.3.Cartoon
9.2.4.Bottles
9.2.5.Cans
9.3.  End User Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
9.3.1.Food
9.3.2.Beverages
9.3.3.Pharmaceuticals
9.3.4.Personal Care Products
9.3.5.Others
9.4.  Country Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
9.4.1.United States of America (USA)
9.4.2.Canada
10.Europe Retort Packaging Market ,2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 (Sales Value USD Million)
10.1. Material Type Analysis  and Forecast  by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
10.1.1.Plastic
10.1.2.Aluminum Foil
10.1.3.Paper and Paperboard
10.1.4.Other
10.2.  Package type Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
10.2.1.Pouches
10.2.2.Trays
10.2.3.Cartoon
10.2.4.Bottles
10.2.5.Cans
10.3.  End User Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
10.3.1.Food
10.3.2.Beverages
10.3.3.Pharmaceuticals
10.3.4.Personal Care Products
10.3.5.Others
10.4.  Country Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
10.4.1.Germany
10.4.2.France
10.4.3.Italy
10.4.4.United Kingdom (UK)
10.4.5.Spain
11.Asia Pacific (APAC) Retort Packaging Market ,2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 (Sales Value USD Million)
11.1. Material Type Analysis  and Forecast  by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
11.1.1.Plastic
11.1.2.Aluminum Foil
11.1.3.Paper and Paperboard
11.1.4.Other
11.2.  Package type Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
11.2.1.Pouches
11.2.2.Trays
11.2.3.Cartoon
11.2.4.Bottles
11.2.5.Cans
11.3.  End User Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
11.3.1.Food
11.3.2.Beverages
11.3.3.Pharmaceuticals
11.3.4.Personal Care Products
11.3.5.Others
11.4.  Country Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
11.4.1.China
11.4.2.India
11.4.3.Australia and New Zealand (ANZ)
11.4.4.Japan
11.4.5.Rest of APAC
12.Middle East and Africa (MEA) Retort Packaging Market ,2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 (Sales Value USD Million)
12.1. Material Type Analysis  and Forecast  by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
12.1.1.Plastic
12.1.2.Aluminum Foil
12.1.3.Paper and Paperboard
12.1.4.Other
12.2.  Package type Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
12.2.1.Pouches
12.2.2.Trays
12.2.3.Cartoon
12.2.4.Bottles
12.2.5.Cans
12.3.  End User Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
12.3.1.Food
12.3.2.Beverages
12.3.3.Pharmaceuticals
12.3.4.Personal Care Products
12.3.5.Others
12.4.  Country Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
12.4.1.GCC Countries
12.4.2.South Africa
12.4.3.Rest of MEA
13.Latin America Retort Packaging Market ,2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 (Sales Value USD Million)
13.1. Material Type Analysis  and Forecast  by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
13.1.1.Plastic
13.1.2.Aluminum Foil
13.1.3.Paper and Paperboard
13.1.4.Other
13.2.  Package type Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
13.2.1.Pouches
13.2.2.Trays
13.2.3.Cartoon
13.2.4.Bottles
13.2.5.Cans
13.3.  End User Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
13.3.1.Food
13.3.2.Beverages
13.3.3.Pharmaceuticals
13.3.4.Personal Care Products
13.3.5.Others
13.4.  Country Analysis 2020-2024 and Forecast 2025-2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) 
13.4.1.Brazil
13.4.2.Mexico
13.4.3.Rest of LA
14. Competition Landscape
14.1.  Market Player Profiles (Introduction, Brand/Product Sales, Financial Analysis, Product Offerings, Key Developments, Collaborations, M & A, Strategies, and SWOT Analysis) 
14.2.1.Amcor PLC
14.2.2.Clifton Packaging Group Limited
14.2.3.Clondalkin Industries BV
14.2.4.Constantia Flexibles
14.2.5.Coveris Holdings SA
14.2.6.Mondi PLC
14.2.7.Tetra Pak International SA
14.2.8.Proampac LLC
14.2.9.Sonoco Product Company
14.2.10.Winpak Ltd.
14.2.11.Sealed Air Corporation
14.2.12.Berry Global, Inc.
14.2.13.Impak Corporation
14.2.14.Portco Packaging
14.2.15.Huhtamaki
15. Research Methodology 
16. Appendix and Abbreviations 

Key Market Players

  • Amcor PLC
  • Clifton Packaging Group Limited
  • Clondalkin Industries BV
  • Constantia Flexibles
  • Coveris Holdings SA
  • Mondi PLC
  • Tetra Pak International SA
  • Proampac LLC
  • Sonoco Product Company
  • Winpak Ltd.
  • Sealed Air Corporation
  • Berry Global, Inc.
  • Impak Corporation
  • Portco Packaging
  • Huhtamaki

Related Industry Reports